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Which Country Has The Most Animals In The World

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Coordinates: 15°36′twoscore″Southward 56°03′22″W  /  15.611120°S 56.056012°W  / -15.611120; -56.056012

Overview of the wildlife of Brazil

The wildlife of Brazil comprises all naturally occurring animals, plants, and fungi in the South American land. Home to threescore% of the Amazon Rainforest, which accounts for approximately one-tenth of all species in the world,[1] Brazil is considered to have the greatest biodiversity of any land on the planet. Information technology has the near known species of plants (55,000), freshwater fish (3,000), and mammals (over 689).[two] It as well ranks third on the listing of countries with the nigh bird species (1,832) and 2d with the most reptile species (744).[2] The number of fungal species is unknown simply is large.[3] Approximately two-thirds of all species worldwide are found in tropical areas, often coinciding with developing countries such as Brazil. Brazil is second only to Indonesia as the country with the near endemic species.[4]

Biodiversity [edit]

In the animal kingdom, there is general consensus that Brazil has the highest number of both terrestrial vertebrates and invertebrates of any country in the world.[five] This high diversity of animal can be explained in function by the sheer size of Brazil and the peachy variation in ecosystems such as Amazon Rainforest, Atlantic Forest and Cerrado. The numbers published about Brazil's fauna diverseness vary from source to source, equally taxonomists sometimes disagree about species classifications, and information can be incomplete or out-of-date. Also, new species keep to be discovered and some species go extinct in the wild. Brazil has the highest diversity of primates (78 species) and freshwater fish (over 3000 species) of whatsoever land in the world.[v] It also claims the highest number of mammals with 524 species,[5] the 2d highest number of amphibians with 517 species and butterflies with 3,150 species,[5] the third highest number of birds with 1,622 species,[5] and fifth number of reptiles with 468 species.[5] In that location is a loftier number of endangered species,[vi] many of which live in threatened habitats such as the Atlantic Woods or the Amazon Rainforest.

Scientists have described between 96,660 and 128,843 invertebrate species in Brazil.[7] According to a 2005 estimate by Thomas Grand. Lewinsohn and Paulo I. Prado, Brazil is dwelling house to around nine.5% of all the species and xiii.1% of biota found in the world; these figures are likely to be underestimates co-ordinate to the authors.[7]

Enough is known nearly Brazilian fungi to say with confidence that the number of native species must be very high and very diverse: in work virtually entirely express to the country of Pernambuco, during the 1950s, 1960s and early 1970s, more than 3300 species were observed by a single group of mycologists[3] Given that current best estimates propose but about seven% of the earth's true diverseness of fungal species has so far been discovered, with virtually of the known species having been described from temperate regions,[viii] the number of fungal species occurring in Brazil is likely to be far higher.

Considering it encompasses many species-rich ecosystems for animals, fungi and plants, Brazil houses many thousands of species, with many (if not most) of them still undiscovered. Due to the relatively explosive economic and demographic rise of the country in the last century, Brazil's ability to protect its environmental habitats has increasingly come up nether threat. All-encompassing logging in the nation's forests, particularly the Amazon, both official and unofficial, destroys areas the size of a pocket-size country each year, and potentially a diverse variety of plants and animals.[9] However, as various species possess special characteristics, or are built in an interesting manner, some of their capabilities are being copied for use in technology (encounter bionics), and the turn a profit potential may result in a retardation of deforestation.

Ecoregions [edit]

Brazil's immense area is subdivided into dissimilar ecoregions in several kinds of biomes. Considering of the wide variety of habitats in Brazil, from the jungles of the Amazon Rainforest and the Atlantic Wood (which includes Atlantic Declension restingas), to the tropical savanna of the Cerrado, to the xeric shrubland of the Caatinga, to the world's largest wetland expanse, the Pantanal, at that place exists a wide variety of wild animals as well.

Animals [edit]

Terrestrial mammals and reptiles [edit]

The wild canids institute in Brazil are the maned wolf, bush dog, hoary play tricks, curt-eared domestic dog, crab-eating fox and pampas fox. The felines establish in Brazil are the jaguar, the puma, the margay, the ocelot, the oncilla, and the jaguarundi. Other notable animals include the giant anteater, several varieties of sloths and armadillos, coati, giant river otter, tapir, peccaries, marsh deer, Pampas deer, and capybara (the world's largest existing rodent).[2] There are around 75 primate species, including the howler monkey, the capuchin monkey, and the squirrel monkey, the marmoset, and the tamarin.[2]

Brazil is abode to the anaconda, oftentimes described, controversially, every bit the largest serpent on the planet. This water boa has been measured upwardly to 30 feet (9.one g) long, but historical reports note that native peoples and early on European explorers claim anacondas from 50 to 100 feet (30 grand) long.[10] [xi]

Invertebrates [edit]

There are 1107[12] known species of non-marine molluscs living in the wild in Brazil.

The second largest spider in the world, the Goliath birdeater (Theraphosa blondi), can be plant in some regions of Brazil.[13]

Insects [edit]

Information technology is calculated that Brazil has more insects than any country in the earth. It is estimated as having over 70,000 species of insects,[14] with some estimates ranging up to 15 million,[five] with more being discovered nearly daily. One 1996 written report estimated betwixt l,000 and 60,000 species of insects and spiders in a unmarried hectare of rainforest.[15] Nearly 520 thysanoptera species belonging to six families in 139 genera are found in Brazil.[16]

Birds [edit]

Brazil ranks third on the listing of countries, behind Colombia and Peru, with the nearly number of distinct bird species, having 1622 identified species,[two] including over 70 species of parrots alone. It has 191 owned birds.[5] The variety of types of birds is vast too, and include birds ranging from brightly colored parrots, toucans, and trogons to flamingos, ducks, vultures, hawks, eagles, owls, swans, and hummingbirds. There are also species of penguins that have been institute in Brazil.[17]

The largest bird plant in Brazil is the rhea, a flightless ratite bird, similar to the emu.

Aquatic and amphibian [edit]

Brazil has over 3,000 identified species of freshwater fish and over 500 species of amphibians.[5] Every bit elsewhere in South America, the bulk of the freshwater fish species are characiforms (tetras and allies) and siluriforms (catfish), merely there are also many species from other groups such as the cyprinodontiforms and cichlids. While the majority of Brazil'south fish species are native to the Amazon, the Paraná–Paraguay and the São Francisco river basins, the country too has an unusually high number of troglobitic fish, with 25 species (15% of the total in the world) known then far.[xviii] The near well-known fish in Brazil is the piranha.[nineteen]

Other aquatic and amphibian animals establish in Brazil include the pink dolphin (the world's largest river dolphin), the caimans (such as the black caiman), and the pirarucu (1 of the world's largest river fish). Also familiar are the brightly colored poison dart frogs.

Fungi [edit]

The diversity of Brazil'due south fungi - even the small amount known so far to scientists - is astonishing. Using but conventional microscopy, and examining living leaves collected from diverse plants, the mycologist Batista and his colleagues, working in Pernambuco in the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s, regularly recorded more than one fungal species, and sometimes up to x on a single leaf.[iii] Although information about fungi worldwide remains very fragmented, a preliminary estimate, based only on the piece of work of Batista, shows that the number of potentially owned fungal species in Brazil already exceeds 2000. Likewise, fungi is very often spotted in Brazil.[20]

Plants [edit]

Brazil has 55,000 recorded found species, the highest number of whatsoever country.[2] About xxx% of these species are owned to Brazil.[five] The Atlantic Forest region is dwelling to tropical and subtropical moist forests, tropical dry forests, tropical savannas, and mangrove forests. The Pantanal region is a wetland, and habitation to a known 3,500 species of plants. The Cerrado is biologically the nearly diverse savanna in the world.

The Pau-brasil tree (too known as Brazilwood) was a mutual establish found forth the Atlantic coast of Brazil. Just excessive logging of the prized timber and red dye from the bark pushed the Pau-brasil towards extinction. Still, since the inception of constructed dyes, the Pau-Brazil has been harvested less. The Pau-brasil tree is sometimes mentioned as the origin of the country's name.[21] [22]

All over Brazil, in all biomes, are hundreds of species of orchids, including those in the genera Cattleya, Oncidium, and Laelia.

Along the border with Venezuela lies Monte Roraima, dwelling house to many carnivorous plants. The plants evolved to digest insects due to the oligotrophic (low level of nutrients) soil of the tepui.[23]

Listing of plants by ecoregion:

  • List of plants of Amazon Rainforest vegetation of Brazil
  • List of plants of Atlantic Wood vegetation of Brazil
  • List of plants of Caatinga vegetation of Brazil
  • Listing of plants of Cerrado vegetation of Brazil
  • List of plants of Pantanal vegetation of Brazil

Threats to wild animals [edit]

"At bottom correct and bottom center, deforestation and cultivation are evident past the regular, rectangular shapes that delineate plots."[24]

More than i-fifth of the Amazon Rainforest in Brazil has been completely destroyed, and more than than 70 mammals are endangered.[2] The threat of extinction comes from several sources, including deforestation and poaching. Extinction is even more problematic in the Atlantic Forest, where nearly 93% of the forest has been cleared.[25] Of the 202 endangered animals in Brazil, 171 are in the Atlantic Forest.[26] Currently, 15.8 meg acres of tropical ecosystem have been completely eliminated to subcontract sugarcane for ethanol production. And boosted iv.five one thousand thousand acres is planned to be planted during the next four years. 70-85% of Brazil'due south transportation energy is derived from ethanol, or various mixtures of ethanol and petroleum-based fuels. Only virtually 15-20% comes from imported petroleum. This massive national biofuel program has been devastating to tropical wildlife diversity, and to the global climate/environment.[27] Commodity 1 With its acquisition of BioEnergia, BP (British Petroleum) is planning to further expand Brazil's ethanol program. BP - BioEnergia

National emblems [edit]

See also [edit]

  • List of endangered flora of Brazil
  • List of Ministers of Natural Environs of Brazil
  • Movimento dos Atingidos por Barragens
  • Biomes in Brazil

References [edit]

  1. ^ "Amazon - World's largest tropical pelting wood and river bowl". World Wide Fund for Nature. Retrieved 2010-06-03 .
  2. ^ a b c d east f yard Palmerlee, Danny (2007). South America on a Shoestring. Lonely Planet Publications. p. 275. ISBN978-1-74104-443-0. OCLC 76936293.
  3. ^ a b c Da Silva, M. and D.W. Minter. 1995. Fungi from Brazil recorded by Batista and Co-workers. Mycological Papers 169. CABI, Wallingford, UK. 585 pp.
  4. ^ Chapman, A.D (September 2005). "Numbers of Living Species in Commonwealth of australia and the Globe: A Report for the Section of the Environment and Heritage". Australian Biological Resource Study. Australian Biodiversity Data Services. Archived from the original on 2007-xi-01. Retrieved 2007-xi-26 .
  5. ^ a b c d due east f g h i j Marco Lambertini (2000). "A Naturalist's Guide to the Tropics". Retrieved 2007-06-19 .
  6. ^ Ministério do Meio Ambiente. "Lista Nacional das Espécies da Fauna Brasileira Ameaçadas de Extinção" (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2007-06-xx .
  7. ^ a b Lewinsohn, Thomas 1000.; Paulo Inácio Prado (June 2005). "How Many Species Are There in Brazil?". Conservation Biology. nineteen (3): 619–624. doi:10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00680.10.
  8. ^ Kirk, P.M., P.F. Cannon, D.West. Minter and J. Stalpers. 2008. Lexicon of the Fungi. Edn 10. CABI, Wallingford, UK.
  9. ^ USDA Wood Service website, Forest Service International Programs: Brazil, retrieved February 2007.
  10. ^ "Which is the Biggest Snake?". Extreme Science. Retrieved 2007-12-05 .
  11. ^ "Eunectes murinus". Catalogue of Life: 2006 Annual Checklist . Retrieved 2007-12-05 .
  12. ^ Luiz Ricardo Fifty. Simone. 2006. Land and Freshwater Molluscs of Brazil. Museu de Zoologia Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. 390 pp. ISBN 85-906670-0-6. (volume review)
  13. ^ Benders-Hyde, Elisabeth. "Goliath Bird Eating Spider". Blueish Planet Biomes . Retrieved 2007-12-05 .
  14. ^ "Brazil in Brief: Natural Resources". Diplomatic mission of Brazil - Ottawa. Retrieved 2007-12-05 .
  15. ^ Holmes, Bob; Gabrielle Walker (1996-09-21). "How did paradise begin?". New Scientist (2048). Retrieved 2007-12-05 .
  16. ^ Renata Chiarini Monteiro. "The Thysanoptera fauna of Brazil" (PDF). CSIRO Entomology. Retrieved 2007-11-26 .
  17. ^ Magellanic Penguin, Organisation for the Conservation of Penguins.
  18. ^ Rantin B., and 1000.E. Bichuette (2013). Phototactic behaviour of subterranean Copionodontinae Pinna, 1992 catfishes (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae) from Chapada Diamantina, central Bahia, northeastern Brazil. International Journal of Speleology 41(1): 57-63
  19. ^ Levitas, Gloria. "The Amazon'southward Kettle of Fish", New York Times, September 11, 1988.
  20. ^ "Fungi of Brazil - potential endemics". Retrieved 2011-07-09 .
  21. ^ a b "Pau brasil profile". Global Trees Campaign. Archived from the original on 2007-08-31. Retrieved 2007-11-28 .
  22. ^ Kirkbride, Joseph H., Jr. (1995-06-11). "Brazil, National flower?". Plantbio Mailing List . Retrieved 2007-11-28 .
  23. ^ "Tepuis". Terrestrial Ecoregions. World Wild fauna Fund. Retrieved 2007-xi-28 .
  24. ^ "Visible Earth: The Amazon, Brazil". NASA. Archived from the original on 2006-03-30. Retrieved 2007-11-28 .
  25. ^ "Places Nosotros Work: The Atlantic Wood of Brazil". The Nature Conservancy. 2007. Retrieved 2007-12-05 .
  26. ^ Capobianco, João Paulo. "Biodiversity in the Atlantic Forest". Brazil on CD-ROM and Internet. Ministry of External Relations. Retrieved 2007-12-05 .
  27. ^ Aljazeera / Brazil's Ethanol for SugarCane program
  28. ^ "National Bird of Brazil: Sabià - Laranjeiro". Brazil Travel. Retrieved 2007-11-26 .
  29. ^ "National Symbols". Brazilian Embassy in Washington. Archived from the original on 2007-11-14. Retrieved 2007-11-26 .

Sources [edit]

  • Costa, L.P. et al. (2005). Mammal Conservation in Brazil. Conservation Biology xix(iii): 672-679. [1]
  • Comitê Brasileiro de Registros Ornitológicos. 2010. Lista das aves do Brasil. 9ª edição (18 de outubro de 2010). Disponível em <http://world wide web.cbro.org.br>, accessada em 28 de dezembro de 2010.

Further reading [edit]

  • Pearson, David Fifty.; Les Beletsky (2002) [2001]. Brazil-Amazon and Pantanal. Ecotravellers Wild animals Guides. Academic Press. p. 275. ISBN978-0-12-548052-9. OCLC 77711203.

External links [edit]

  • BrazilianFauna.com, a non-for profit educational website
  • Brazil Nature: Ecosystem
  • List of Brazilian animals on Encyclopedia of Life

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildlife_of_Brazil

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